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The small intestine is slightly misnamed since it is over twenty feet long. With respect to diameter however, it is significantly smaller than the large intestine. Food passes through the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum. There are thousands of microscopic intestinal glands in the mucous lining that secrete intestinal digestive juice. These in turn are organized into multiple circular folds known as plicae which in turn are covered with millions of tiny folds called villi. Villi project into the hollow interior of the intestine where a network of capillaries absorb the products of carbohydrate and protein digestion. This is highly advantageous for absorption of food into the blood and lymph. The lymphatic vessel of lacteal sucks in the lipid or fat materials from the chyme that passes through the smalll intestine. In addition the the brushlike border is composed of microvilli that increase the surface area significantly. The majority of the chemical digestion is done in the duodenum or the first subdivision of small intestine. Because of this, most of the ulcers that form also appear here. The middle third has ducts that empty the pancreatic digestive juices as well as bile from the liver. |